Algorithms & Optimization
The P=NP? problem was emerged in 1971. This is one of the longstanding unresolved problems in computer science. Its solution is directly related to the determination of the time complexity of NP-complete problems. Not all problems can be solved quickly.
So, it is very difficult to figure out exactly which ones could be solved and which ones couldn’t.
Steve Cook and Dick Karp decided that any efficient algorithm is that which runs in polynomial time:
- P – the class of polynomial-time problems
- The time complexity of these problems is O(n^c) for some constant c. Cook, Karp, and others defined another class of so-called NP-complete problems all of which exhibit precisely the same phenomena:
Stephen Cook. The complexity of theorem-proving procedures. In Conference Record of Third Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, pages 151–158, 1971.[Referat_on_P=NP]
- no NP-complete problem can be solved by any known polynomial algorithm
- if there is a polynomial algorithm for any NP-complete problem, then there are polynomial algorithms for all NP-complete problems
- NPC-the class of NP-complete problems
- Time Complexity of NP-complete problems has not been decided yet
This is one of the most difficult unresolved problems in Computer Science.
It’s accepted that the problem Does P=NP? has been open since it was posed in 1971.It is the one of “The Millennium Prize Problems” established by Clay Mathematics Institute of Cambridge, Massachusetts (CMI).
The nature of NPC Problems
More than 1,000 diverse algorithmic problems in NPC exhibit precisely the same phenomena:
- no NP-complete problem can be solved by any known polynomial algorithm;
- if there is a polynomial algorithm for any NP-complete problem, then there are polynomial algorithms for all NP-complete problems.
- NPC class problem contains around 1000 different algorithmic problems
- Hamiltonian path problem
- Traveling salesman problem
- Scheduling and Matching problem
- Coloring Maps and Graphs
- 3SAT etc.
- The problem exists in the following areas
- Combinatorics
- Operation Researches
- Economics
- Graph & Game Theory
- Statistics
- Logic
- High- Energy Physics and X-Ray crystallography
- Protein Design etc.
Any simple Timetable Problem is NP-complete. After about seventeen years of research, Karlen G. Gharibyan finally invented the Peaceful Coexistence Algorithm. This is a polynomial time algorithm that solves the General Timetable Problem (GTP) for any instance.
Karlen G. Gharibyan proved that P=NP. Nobody rejected it.
This means, that each problem in NP may be solved in polynomial time, including 3SAT problem.
Here is the demo how works Peaceful Coexistence Algorithm®